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.17 See Elizabeth J.Perry, Shanghai on Strike: The Politics of Chinese Labor (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1993), pp.69–129; Daniel Y.K.Kwan, Marxist Intellectuals and the Chinese Labor Movement: A Study of Deng Zhongxia (1884–1933) (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1997); Jean Chesneaux, The Chinese Labor Movement, 1919–1927 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1968), esp.pp.376–8; and Ming K.Chan, “Labor and Empire: The Chinese Labor Movement in the Canton Delta, 1895–1927,” Ph.D.dissertation (Stanford: Stanford University, 1975).18 Cited in Elizabeth J.Perry, Shanghai on Strike, p.250.19 Cited in Daniel Y.K.Kwan, Marxist Intellectuals, p.18.20 Emily Honig, Sisters and Strangers: Women in the Shanghai Cotton Mills, 1919–1949 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1986), pp.202–17; Elizabeth J.Perry, Shanghai on Strike, pp.60–4.21 See Jeffrey Wasserstrom, Student Protests in Twentieth-Century China: The View from Shanghai (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1991), pp.95–145.22 Jiang Guangzi, cited in ibid., p.112.11 Ideology and power in the National Revolution1 Wm.Theodore de Bary, et al., eds, Sources of Chinese Tradition (New York: Columbia University Press, 1960), 2:123.2 Cited in Marie-Claire Bergère, Sun Yat-sen, trans.Janet Lloyd (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998), p.378.384Notes3 Ying-shih Yu, “Sun Yat-sen’s Doctrine and Traditional Chinese Culture” in Chu-yuan Cheng, ed., Sun Yat-sen’s Doctrine in the Modern World (Boulder: Westview Press, 1989), p.98.4 Wing-tsit Chan, A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1973), pp.669–70.5 Cited in John Fitzgerald, Awakening China: Politics, Culture, and Class in the Nationalist Revolution (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1996), pp.17–18, 215.6 Cited in ibid., p.85.7 Wm.Theodore de Bary, et al., eds, Sources of Chinese Tradition, 2:107.8 Cited in Marie-Claire Bergère, Sun Yat-sen, p.358 (modified).9 Cited in John Fitzgerald, Awakening Chin a, p.11.10 See Roy Hofheinz, The Broken Wave: The Chinese Communist Peasant Movement, 1922–1928 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1977); Fernando Galbiati, P’eng P’ai and the Hai-lu-feng Soviet (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1985); and Robert Marks, Rural Revolution in South China: Peasants and the Making of History in Haifeng County, 1570–1930 (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984).Communist–peasant relations are discussed in more detail in Chapter 14.11 R.Keith Schoppa, Blood Road: The Mystery of Shen Dingyi in Revolutionary China (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995), pp.95–126.12 Cited in Fernando Galbiati, P’eng P’ai and the Hai-lu-feng Soviet, p.306.13 In Tony Saich, ed., The Rise to Power of the Chinese Communist Party: Documents and Analysis (Armonk, NY: M.E.Sharpe, 1996), p.163.14 In Yu-ning Li, ed., Chinese Women Through Chinese Eyes (Armonk, NY: M.E.Sharpe, 1992), p.91.I am indebted here to Christina Gilmartin, Engendering the Chinese Revolution: Radical Women, Communist Politics, and Mass Movements in the 1920s (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995); and Elisabeth Croll, Feminism and Socialism in China (New York: Schocken Books, 1978).15 Wang Zheng, Women in the Chinese Enlightenment: Oral and Textual Histories (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999).16 Vera Vladmirovna Vishnyakova-Akimova, a translator attached to a visiting Russian delegation, cited in Christina Gilmartin, Engendering the Chinese Revolution, p.154.17 John Fitzgerald, Awakening China, p.284.18 Cited in Christina Gilmartin, Engendering the Chinese Revolution, pp.68–9.19 Wang Jianhong, cited in Christina Gilmartin, Engendering the Chinese Revolution, p.57.20 Christina Gilmartin, Engendering the Chinese Revolution, pp.69–70.21 Cited in Christina Gilmartin, Engendering the Chinese Revolution, p.91.22 As recounted to Emily Honig, Sisters and Strangers: Women in the Shanghai Cotton Mills, 1919–1949 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1986), pp.207–8.23 See Harriet Evans, “The Language of Liberation: Gender and Jiefang in early Chinese Communist Party Discourse,” Intersection no.1 (September 1998).12 The Northern Expedition and the rise of Chiang Kai-shek 1 See Harold R.Isaacs’s meticulous if partisan 1938 account, The Tragedy of the Chinese Revolution (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1961); supplemented by Bruce Elleman, Diplomacy and Deception (Armonk, NY: M.E.Sharpe, 1997); and, for an overview of the Northern Expedition itself, Donald A
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